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ABSTRACT Objective To assess the level of body dissatisfaction among undergraduate medical students in the city of Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Methods A cross-sectional study with 232 volunteers of both sexes at a private college. The Body Shape Questionnaire was used, which is a tool based on the sum of values that allow classifying body dissatisfaction according to the following scores: less than 111, if absence of body dissatisfaction; between 111 and 138, if mild body dissatisfaction; between 139 and 167, if moderate body dissatisfaction, and from 168, if severe body dissatisfaction. In addition, the self-reported body mass index and an assertion were used to assess the degree and perception (insight) of body dissatisfaction. For the statistical analysis, descriptive comparison, and binary logistic regression tests were performed. Results The mean result of the Body Shape Questionnaire among women was 96.0±34.1 and among men, 76.7±24.7, with 26.3% of students with some level of dissatisfaction with self-image. Most participants (76.3%) wished to have a body mass index lower than the real one. Women (odds ratio of 5.7), overweight individuals (odds ratio of 6.1), and individuals with insight into their condition (odds ratio of 89.7) were more likely to be dissatisfied with the body image measured by the Body Shape Questionnaire. Conclusion The search for a thin body among undergraduate medical students is a reality. In addition to overweight individuals, the female population has a significant level of body distortion, being recognized as the highest rate of body dissatisfaction in the sample surveyed.
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Introdução: Displasia broncopulmonar (DBP) é uma grave complicação entre pré-termos, com incidência inversamente proporcional à idade gestacional. Resulta de processo inflamatório com desenvolvimento pulmonar anormal, gerando graves consequências. Apesar de serem limitadas e não afetarem substancialmente a evolução da doença, as opções terapêuticas para prevenção e tratamento da DBP são importantes, porém carecem de melhor elucidação. Objetivos: Abordar aspectos recentes da literatura quanto à prevenção e tratamento da DBP. Métodos: Revisão de literatura na base de dados MEDLINE, em 2021, incluindo ensaios clínicos controlados e randomizados, realizados em humanos e nos últimos 5 anos, excluindo estudos não diretamente relacionados ao tema. Resultados: A incidência de DBP foi menor naqueles casos leves expostos à budesonida inalatória, óleo de peixe intravenoso contendo emulsão lipídica (OP) e ácido docosahexaenoico (DHA). Houve aumento da sobrevida com uso de hidrocortisona em baixas doses, dexametasona com redução gradual da dose, por 42 dias, e dexametasona associada a corticosteroides pós-natais (este ainda com redução dos prejuízos no neurodesenvolvimento). Hidrocortisona, dexametasona, dipropianato de hidrofluoalcano-beclometasona inalado e OP reduziram o tempo ou a necessidade de ventilação e oxigenoterapia. A mortalidade foi menor nos estudos envolvendo hidrocortisona e elevada no que avaliou budesonida. As principais complicações foram sepse, retinopatia, hemorragia intraventricular e enterocolite necrosante, nos estudos abordando DHA, hidrocortisona, dexametasona e óxido nítrico inalado. Conclusão: Abordagens terapêuticas satisfatórias foram os glicocorticoides associado à terapia ventilatória e à abordagem precoce. Não houve benefícios com uso de ventilação com insuflações sustentadas, administração de dipropionato de hidrofluoralcano-beclometasona inalada e DHA.
Introduction: Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a complication among preterms, with an incidence inversely proportional to gestational age. It results from an inflammatory process that causes abnormal lung development, with severe consequences. Although therapeutic options are limited and do not substantially strike the course of the disease, they are important tools and need further elucidation. Purpose: Address the most recent aspects of the literature regarding the prevention and treatment of BPD. Methods: A literature review was carried out in the MEDLINE database, in 2021, in which only controlled and randomized clinical studies performed in humans in the last 5 years were included. Studies that were not directly related to the theme were excluded. Results: The incidence of BPD was lower in those cases exposed to inhaled budesonide, intravenous fish oil containing lipid emulsion (FO) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). There was improvement in survival with a lowdose use of hydrocortisone, dexamethasone with gradual dose reduction, and dexamethasone associated with postnatal corticosteroids (which generated reduction in neurodevelopmental impairments as well). Hydrocortisone, dexamethasone, inhaled hydrofluoalkane-beclomethasone dipropynate and FO reduced the time or need for ventilation and oxygen therapy. The main complications were sepsis, retinopathy, intraventricular hemorrhage and necrotizing enterocolitis in studies that addressed DHA, hydrocortisone, dexamethasone and inhaled nitric oxide. Conclusion: The therapeutic approaches that proved to be conclusive were the use of glucocorticoids associated with ventilatory therapy and an early approach. No benefits were found with the use of ventilation with sustained inflation, administration of inhaled hydrofluoralkane-beclomethasone dipropionate and DHA.